The third step is to remove all the items from your targeted area. Clean your counter space, small appliances, large appliances, kitchen drawers, and kitchen cabinets.Īfter determining your decluttering strategy and gathering the necessary supplies, you are ready to begin the decluttering process. Instead, you will be ready and efficient in your decluttering process. You may need to gather cleaning sprays or wipes, rags, cleaning gloves, and other cleaning items so that you can efficiently declutter and clean your kitchen.īy gathering your supplies ahead of time, you will not waste time in the middle of decluttering, having to stop and get the necessary supplies. Write a list of all the supplies you might need and pick them up before you get started on decluttering.ĭecluttering your cupboards will reveal new spaces to clean that are typically not routinely cleaned. As you remove items from your kitchen cabinets and shelves, you’ll almost certainly want to take the opportunity to clean those forgotten spaces as well. You will also need to get some cleaning products before you embark upon your decluttering journey. Do you want to donate the item, or do you plan to have a garage sale and want to try to sell the item? Either way, you will need a box or carton to store the items to get them out of the way as you are decluttering. For this reason, be sure to have plenty of trash bags handy to dispose of all the unwanted items you find quickly.Īs you are decluttering, you will find things that you do not need or use anymore but are still in good condition. In your decluttering process, you will need to throw away a lot of stuff. Cleaning supplies – disinfecting spray, rags, cleaning spray or wipes, cleaning gloves, etc.Determining your strategy will help set you up for success with decluttering your kitchen realistically and reasonably given your time constraints without getting overwhelmed and wanting to quit the entire process.Īs part of the decluttering process, you will need to gather the necessary supplies. It will also prevent you from wasting money by throwing out unused, expired products before you could use them up.Įspecially if you have a small kitchen, it can so quickly feel cluttered. For example, are you overwhelmed by the number of cooking utensils you have? Do you need more space on your kitchen counter? Do you struggle to find what you are looking for while cooking?Īre you constantly having to throw out expired food that you forgot about because it got pushed to the back of the cabinet? Decluttering your kitchen can help establish a cleaner kitchen, but it requires you to think about what you can throw away and what’s meaningful to you. To determine your broader strategy, think about what you hope to get out of the decluttering process. In terms of mental health, it is much easier to tackle one section of your kitchen at a time so that you can feel accomplished with what you were able to get done. This will allow you to make good progress without making a huge mess and running out of time. Instead of getting overwhelmed by tackling your entire kitchen at one time, consider instead starting with a more reasonable strategy such as one set of cabinets or shelves. First, think about how long you have to work on the process and what you could realistically get done. You might be asking yourself, where do I even start? How long is it going to take? Because of questions like this, your first step should be to determine your decluttering strategy. How to declutter a kitchen step by stepĭecluttering can be an overwhelming process. Related: Our free decluttering checklist will help you declutter every room faster. For example, some people like to use many Tupperware-style containers, whereas others like to have everything organized. Doing so will also allow you to clean out the space and decide if you need a better organization system in each of your different storage areas. To start the decluttering process, you will need to pull all of the items out of each cabinet or shelf to see what you actually have. Realistically, it will depend on the size of your kitchen and the number of things you have to decide how to split it up. It’s usually not feasible to tackle a whole kitchen at once. Before starting, it’s essential to set reasonable expectations and choose just one section of your kitchen to work with at a time. It is so easy to get overwhelmed when trying to declutter your kitchen.
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Return the pretzels to the oven for an additional 15-20 minutes. Remove from the oven, and smear the tops with pizza sauce, then sprinkle lightly with mozzarella cheese. If you plan to make plain soft pretzels, sprinkle them lightly with coarse salt and bake for 30-35 minutes.įor pizza pretzels, brush lightly with the egg wash, omit the salt, and bake for 15 minutes. When all the pretzels are finished, brush them with the beaten egg. They do puff up nicely, and I did 2 pretzels at a time. Removed from the boiling water with a slotted spoon. Meanwhile, get a big pot of water boiling on the stove and turn the oven on to 425 F.īoil each pretzel for 3 minutes per side, flipping over after 1 1/2 minutes. Set on a parchment paper lined cookie sheet. Cut (don't rip) the dough into 8 equal portions, and roll each out into a long, thin log about 24 inches long. Punch down the dough to get rid of some of the air bubbles. Cover and set aside to rise until double in size for 45 minutes. You can do that too.Ĭoat the inside of a large, clean bowl with some olive oil and place in the dough, turning to coat all over. I used my mixer with a dough hook for this step, which was great. Turn out onto a lightly floured board and knead for about 8 minutes. Pour in 1 1/2 cups of warm water, stirring until it forms a ragged dough. In a large bowl, whisk together the flours, sugar, salt, and yeast. You could even get the kids involved in rolling and make it a fun weekend activity!ġ package of rapid rise yeast (or 2 1/4 tsp) PLEASE."īaked ahead of time, wrapped and frozen, they would make a delicious addition to any lunchbox. "Oh my GOD, Mom!" His mouth full, his eyes shining, he plucked crispy bits of cheese off the edges. Can we do from scratch? Will they be any good? Jake watched as I rolled, then boiled, and baked these-the smell of bread filling the house, until he couldn't stand it any longer and descended on a newly baked pretzel for a snack. I think they are kind of gross, to be honest.Īwhile ago I was reading over at A Peek Inside the Fishbowl, and I noticed that Andrea had a soft pretzel recipe, so it just seemed natural to take the on the pretzels this week. Made with white flour, smeared with pizza sauce, and sprinkled with poppy seeds, lots of kids buy them to eat for lunch. One of the things sold at Kevin's school that is sort of popular, next to those instant noodle cups, are pizza pretzels. More obscure sources include the Testament of Benjamin, which warned, "that ye shall commit fornication with the fornication of Sodom", (Concerning a Pure Mind, 9:1) and references in the Testament of Naphtal, (3.5) and the Testament of Isaac. The Book of the Secrets of Enoch, evidently written by a Hellenistic Jew in Egypt before the middle of the 1st century, states (10:3) that the Sodomites committed "abominable lecheries, namely one with another" and "the sin against nature, which is child-corruption after the Sodomitic fashion, magic-making, enchantments and devilish witchcraft." 100) used the term “Sodomites” in summarizing the Genesis narrative:Ībout this time the Sodomites grew proud, on account of their riches and great wealth they became unjust towards men, and impious towards God, in so much that they did not call to mind the advantages they received from him: they hated strangers, and abused themselves with Sodomitical practices” "Now when the Sodomites saw the young men to be of beautiful countenances, and this to an extraordinary degree, and that they took up their lodgings with Lot, they resolved themselves to enjoy these beautiful boys by force and violence and when Lot exhorted them to sobriety, and not to offer any thing immodest to the strangers, but to have regard to their lodging in his house and promised that if their inclinations could not be governed, he would expose his daughters to their lust, instead of these strangers neither thus were they made ashamed. Īdditionally, the Jewish historian Josephus (AD 37 – c. See documentation at Sodomy.Ĭonversely, the Hellenistic Jewish philosopher Philo (20 BC – 50 AD) described the inhabitants of Sodom in an extra-biblical account:Īs men, being unable to bear discreetly a satiety of these things, get restive like cattle, and become stiff-necked, and discard the laws of nature, pursuing a great and intemperate indulgence of gluttony, and drinking, and unlawful connections for not only did they go mad after other women, and defile the marriage bed of others, but also those who were men lusted after one another, doing unseemly things, and not regarding or respecting their common nature, and though eager for children, they were convicted by having only an abortive offspring but the conviction produced no advantage, since they were overcome by violent desire and so by degrees, the men became accustomed to be treated like women, and in this way engendered among themselves the disease of females, and intolerable evil for they not only, as to effeminacy and delicacy, became like women in their persons, but they also made their souls most ignoble, corrupting in this way the whole race of men, as far as depended on them. Most Jewish views regard the sins of Sodom to be "failing to practice hospitality", and even though same-sex activities are condemned most harshly in Leviticus, the opinion that Genesis 19 might refer to any other sexual act other than with Lot's daughters is alien to most ancient Jewish tradition. However, others see it as referring to Sodom's inhospitable attitude in seeking to interrogate the visitors. Most traditional commentators interpret this to refer to the homosexual nature of the people in the crowd, especially in the light of the parallel story in Judges 19. The common interpretation is that Lot offered his virgin daughters to the crowd as a means to sexually appease the crowd and protect his visitors from being raped. About a dozen times it is used as a euphemism for knowing someone sexually, as in Genesis 4:1, and Genesis 38:26. In Genesis 19:5 the Hebrew word "yada" is translated "relations" in the New American Standard Bible and most often "know" in the KJV and many other translations, occurs frequently in the Old Testament, and usually simply means to know someone or something in a non-sexual way. They called to Lot, "Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them." Yada The New International Version (NIV) of Genesis 19:4–5 reads:īefore they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom-both young and old-surrounded the house. Genesis chapters 18 and 19 are concerned with the immorality of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah and the judgement that must be imposed. Main articles: Sodom and Gomorrah and Sodomy Sodom and Gomorrah This has also given rise to “Konglish” words which are derived from English words and used only in South Korea. On the other hand, given the South Koreans’ craze for learning English, they have increasingly used English words transliterated phonetically into Korean even if there are already Korean words with the same meaning, for example, using “티켓”(ticket) instead of “표” (pronounced as “pyo”), “와인” (wine) instead of “포도주” (pronounced as “podoju”), “브레드” (bread) instead of “빵” (pronounced as “ppang”), etc. Such words were transliterated phonetically into Korean words, for example, “아이스크림”(ice-cream), “뮤지컬”(musical), “컴퓨터”(computer), “버스”(bus), “인터넷”(internet), etc. In fact, with increasing contact with global community, South Korea has incorporated many new words and phrases imported from foreign countries like English, German, French and Japanese into its everyday speech. It is also quite easy to approximate the sounds of foreign words by using the Korean alphabet. In this way, thousands of words can be created. It is divided into 3 parts: choseong (초성 – initial consonant), jungseong (중성 – middle vowel) and jongseong (종성 – final consonant). You can watch this video for a more detailed explanation of the vowels.Ī Korean syllable is formed by combining the consonants and vowels to represent the sound of the relevant word. The other vowels evolved from the variations of these basic vowels. ” represents the roundness of the heaven, “ㅡ” represents the flat land, and “ㅣ” represents a standing man. On the other hand, the basic vowels were created based on the images of the heaven, land and man. You can watch this video for a more detailed explanation of the consonants.
BBP body meshes)Īdjust player breast curve size (Only works for meshes that support skeletal scaling e.g. TBBP body meshes)Īdjust player breast size (Only works for meshes that support skeletal scaling e.g. Show HeadPart name and source mod (Requires CharGen v2.1.2 or greater)Ĭamera move up/down/left/right zoom in/outĪdjust player glute size (Only works for meshes that support skeletal scaling e.g. Save/Load preset to and from a slot file (Requires CharGen v2.0.0 or greater and replaces clipboard save/load) Save/Load presets to and from windows clipboard Warpaint texture hotswapping (Custom warpaint) Works with any race, including custom racesĭoesn’t modify any vanilla assets (Unlike my Extended Slider Colors mod) Zoom distances adjusted to be closer to the face when In and slightly further when out Light On/Off (Spawns a white light directly infront of your character) Loads/Saves settings when re-opening the menu Please ensure that you don’t have problems opening the ORIGINAL RaceMenu before blaming this mod.Ĭategorizes all the vanilla options to the SkyUI lookĬolor ANY tint, including hair with an AARRGGBB value This mod does not fix the problems with the internal class to this menu it merely redesigns it and adds more features. The RaceMenu was redesigned with the intention of using SKSE to allow for more in-depth customization of your character. This is an SKSE plugin that disables caching of FaceGen parts that can crash your game if you have many hair/eye/brow mods installed. If you experience crashing while opening the menu please consider acquiring the optional download DisableFaceGenCache (integrated as of version 2.7+, no longer necessary). NetImmerse Override Standalone (Included with RaceMenu 2.0 and greater) German SKSE Installation Video by Frank SiriuSĬharGen Extension (Core included with RaceMenu 2.5 and greater) If you don’t know how, or cannot install SKSE on your own I recommend watching:Įnglish SKSE Installation Video by Gopher The Skyrim Script Extender (SKSE), Version 1.7.2 (or newer) is REQUIRED to run the RaceMenu. Complete overhaul to the character creation menu including new customization features such as multiple RGBA warpaints, body paints, hand paint, and foot paints. It’s also featured as part of the PS Plus catalog. It’s certainly no Uncharted or The Last of Us, but Days Gone deserves another shake this Halloween.ĭays Gone is available on PS4 and on PS5 via backward compatibility. Days Gone New Game Plus (NG+) Announced New Weapon New Rewards (DaysGone NG+ Confirmed)Days Gone released earlier this spring to a mixed critical reception. But, even still, it’s a blast to play, especially if you’re a fan of horror games. I always like NG+, even if there's nothing new, you ussually throw caution to the wind because you are over prepared. Don't need to tie yourself up with some imaginary rule. It launched in a buggy state, is filled with unlikable characters, and has a narrative that oftentimes falls flat. Go to survival difficulty on New Game+ to balance it out a bit. It’s easy to see why so many players dismissed Days Gone in 2019. It also gently pushes you to get out into the beautiful world to collect items, roping you into its satisfying gameplay loop almost right away. Giving players just enough resources to get by, but not enough to feel like Rambo is such a smart design decision, as it raises the stakes of each battle you encounter. Instead, you must complete missions for certain factions who then allow you to trade with them, which encourages you to continue progressing through the game. You can’t simply visit a store to buy the items you need - at least, not at first. Resources like ammo, crafting supplies, and even gasoline for your bike, are all in short supply, so you have to constantly preserve these items as you play. Sonyīut the survival aspects really tie everything else together, adding an interesting layer to the already satisfying combat. Yikes.īattling Freakers or zombified animals in Days Gone is so much fun, even if the motivations for doing so are uninspired. It looks just as twisted as you’d imagine, with disgusting, zombified discolorations all along its body, along with barbed wire wrapped around its torso. That’s right, you get to fight a zombie bear in this game. There are even animal versions of Freakers, including the absurd Rager Bear. These aren’t mindless AI, they’re living, breathing beings. These enemies move and behave so realistically (or at least, what you’d expect an infected person to act like), it definitely makes the game scarier. These creatures are much faster than other types of Freakers and actually resemble humans, making them more unnerving. The Freakers are impressive, as they come in all shapes and sizes, including the deadly Reachers. (It’s not a zombie game if you actually call them that, I guess.) This game looks absolutely stunning, from its realistic character models, the believable depiction of Bend, Oregon, and its incredibly horrendous enemies - which in this game are called Freakers. Immediately, Days Gone’s most striking aspect is its visual style. If you’ve played Days Gone, we’d love to hear what you thought of it.Days Gone has some of the most impressive visuals of Sony’s first-party catalog. Sony Bend rounded out this update with new trophies, one of which pertains to a new weapon from a character that mostly resides in shadows. Even if you haven’t finished the game yet, you can select these difficulties from the outset of play. This update also brings two new difficulty modes: Hard II and Survival II. From the lack of chatter, I’m guessing most of you haven’t finished it yet, but if you have, and you enjoyed it, Sony Bend today added New Game Plus, giving you good reason to jump back in.ĭays Gone’s version of New Game Plus allows the player to begin the adventure again with almost everything they unlocked in the first playthrough, including bike upgrades, collectibles, encampment trust, and more. Remember Days Gone? Sony Bend’s open-world zombie game released this April, and is pretty darn good, but hasn’t been talked about much in the months that followed, especially for a Sony exclusive. usr/local/openarena/openarena-0.8.1/openarena.i386 *.x86_64 are for 64-bit PC processors, such as AMD Athlon64 processors.įor a typical desktop or laptop PC, the following will work: Get the official package of the game from one of the download mirrors, then extract all the contents of the zip. Make sure you have the prerequisite libraries. If you wish to try with Linux repositories packages anyway, you can read the distro-related sections below. To avoid such problems, you may prefer to manually download an official OpenArena package from, as explained below. Sometimes, these differences may cause some problems. Such repositories are run by third-party, so their OA installs may have some small differences from the official packages. IMPORTANT: Various Linux repositories contain OpenArena packages. This also means that some video cards may not work even if they meet the above-stated minimum requirements. This may require using the not-entirely-open-source NVIDIA drivers for NVIDIA cards. You must have accelerated drivers for your video card installed for best results. In theory, the game can run on any Pentium-class processor with a Voodoo2, but don't expect much performance over 20fps and expect loading time to be over a minute. Open the extracted folder and launch "openarena.exe".Unzip the archive(s) using a program like WinZip or 7-Zip.Download the latest zip archive(s) of OpenArena from one of the Download Mirrors or BitTorrent.Technically, the game can run on a 486DX machine but for minimal requirements we expect a certain level of playability to draw the line. OpenGL supported video card with 16MB of video memory.Pentium II 233MHz / AMD K6-2 300MHz or equally powerful processor.Installing the game Installing OpenArena Windows System Requirements 3.29 Useful things to know about weapons.We test the generality of our method by applying it to mouse exploratory behavior. This construct is not defined in terms of position in objective space, but purely in terms of the rat's own behavior. This provides a justification for a construct of ‘staying in place’. We do so by showing that the spatial spread of such progressions is confined to a small 20–50 cm range in a 6.5 m diameter arena. In one application of this decomposition we show that the ethological ad hoc notion of stopping behavior corresponds to progression without leaving first gear. This enables us to decompose motion into distinct modes. The statistical distribution of the maximal amount of motion occurring within each of these episodes is then analyzed and shown to be multi modal. The distinction between these modes is obtained by first segmenting the time series into sequences of data points occurring between arrests (as ascertained within the resolution of the data acquisition system). We analyze the locomotor behavior of the rat during exploration, and show that digitally collected data (time series of positions) provide a sufftcient basis for establishing that the rat uses several distinct modes of motion (first, second, third, and sometimes fourth gear). The results, which demonstrate an induction of defensive behaviours to recorded owl calls, support the results of others who have examined the effects of exposing wild rodents to live owls. In response, voles crouched, and retreated to a small burrow present in the test arena dormice also reduced the distances they travelled in the arena, and spent an increased amount of time around the burrow jerboas crouched and froze during the playback of the owl call but not thereafter spiny mice, however, displayed enigmatic behaviour in apparently ignoring the owl calls. The most prominent of these are their territorial calls which are believed to provide suffcient stimuli to activate anti-predator defence mechanisms in species heavily predated upon by owls.To test this hypothesis, the behaviour of voles (Microtus socialis), dormice (Eliomys melanurus), jerboas (Jaculus jaculus), and spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) was analysed during and following exposure to playback of tape recorded calls of the tawny owl (Strix aluco). However, nocturnal aerial predators, such as owls, present very few stimuli to enable their detection by potential prey. Effective anti-predator defence mechanisms depend on ef®cient recognition of possible predators. The descriptions of these products are taken from companies and specialized books written in countries where the laws do not prohibit the cultivation and consumption of certain substances. Therefore we are relieved of any responsibility in relation to the aforementioned point. We expressly point out that anyone buying seeds in our online store is responsible for their own future actions. does not invite anyone to act against the law. In many countries the hemp seed trade does not require any license, provided that they are not used by customers for other purposes than those provided for by the law. For this reason, it is important that the buyer inquires about the laws in force to which he must necessarily comply. The laws and regulations that refer to hemp seeds differ greatly from country to country. The import, possession and traffic of hemp seeds are exempt from the regulation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs held in Vienna in 1961, which expressly excludes the seeds of the cannabis plant from the register of narcotic substances subject to international taxation. Our online store complies with Italian law and we invite customers to consult the legislation of their country regarding the possession of cannabis seeds. assumes no responsibility for the illegal or illegal use of marketed products. Quindi le descrizioni degli effetti dopo il consumo sono semplici informazioni, dato che questi prodotti sono venduti su solo per usi medici e terapeutici, per studi di botanica, naturalisti, per i collezionisti o come souvenir. Le descrizioni di questi prodotti sono tratte da aziende e libri specializzati scritti in paesi nei quali le leggi non proibiscono la coltivazione e il consumo di determinate sostanze. Pertanto ci solleviamo da qualsiasi responsabilità in riferimento al suddetto punto. Evidenziamo espressamente che, chiunque acquisti semi nel nostro negozio online, è responsabile delle proprie azioni future. non invita nessun soggetto ad agire contro la legge. In numerosi paesi il commercio di semi di canapa non richiede alcuna licenza, a condizione che essi non siano utilizzati dai clienti per altre finalità diverse da quelle contemplate dalla legge. Per questo motivo, è importante che l’acquirente si informi sugli ordinamenti vigenti ai quali deve attenersi necessariamente. Gli ordinamenti e le legislazioni che si riferiscono ai semi di canapa differiscono molto da paese in paese. L’importazione, la detenzione e il traffico di semi di canapa sono esenti dal regolamento della Convenzione Unica sugli stupefacenti tenutasi a Vienna nel 1961, la quale esclude espressamente i semi della pianta di cannabis dal registro di sostanze stupefacenti soggette a fiscalizzazione internazionale. Il nostro negozio online è conforme alla legge Italiana e invitiamo i clienti a consultare la legislazione del proprio paese in materia di possesso di semi di Cannabis. Reserva Privada Strawberry Banana Feminized (Bubble Gum x Banana OG).Īvviso legale generale: non si assume alcuna responsabilità relativamente all’uso illecito o illegale dei prodotti commercializzati. If wanting to store and upload the files via a PC, the following video tutorial walks through steps for locating these files, transferring them, and ultimately uploading as assets to your Avatour Host Dashboard. Pre-registration is open, so be sure to check out the. Once this page has loaded select the orange "Upload Files"button in the top right corner to access your phone's media library containing the exported files We will also have workshops on church revitalization, reaching millenials and various cultural hot topics. This Autodesk Fusion 360 script connects lines/curves points automatically The ConnectTheDots Python script will take a selection of lines and curves and co. Open the left menu pane option and select "Assets".Ģ. Please see our article for a full step-by-step guide if using this 360 device.įor Insta360 users, Avatour hosts are able to log into the Host Dashboard at avatour.live/login from a mobile browser and follow the steps below to upload offline content:ġ. Lesson 1 in the BaptistWay Press Connect360 unit Pure Joy focuses on Philippians 1:1-11. Labpano Pilot camera users have the ability to upload pre-recorded content directly from the Avatour app. Step 2: Upload video files as "Assets" to your Avatour Library Option 1: Uploading via Mobile Here's instructions on recording and editing your 360° videos using your Insta360 camera or Pilot One camera. Maximum resolution: 5760x2880 (only 2D360 files are currently supported)ĭon't know how to create a 360° video? Don't worry, we've got you covered.If the systems sensors detect a potential collision with a car or pedestrian in front of you, a warning. Equirectangular projection (this is the industry-standard 360 format) PRE-COLLISION ASSIST WITH AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKING.When you move you no longer have to contact every company to set. Our FREE service connects buyers, sellers and renters with all home services and basic utilities. The basic file requirements are as follows: 360 Home Connect sets up your new home services and utilities, for free 360 Home Connect is a revolutionary service-based company changing the way people experience their next move. Step 1: Create a 360° video fileĪvatour can ingest and play back 360° videos from a wide variety of sources. Health and Human Services Connect360 with embedded Master Data Management. Im posting this because most of the help topics are for the pre-NXE Xbox 360. How do I share pre-recorded 360° video content in an Avatour session? The guide below details the steps for uploading pre-recorded 360° videos via the Avatour Host dashboard, and sharing it with other users in an Avatour session. initiatives and provide a preliminary analysis of their main features. Hi, Ive just started trying to use Connect360 with my Xbox 360. The modern noun does, however, retain a wider field of application, extending on one hand to "soul", "spirit", " vital principle", " mind", or " psyche", the seat of feeling, thought, and moral judgement on the other hand used figuratively of any shadowy outline, or fuzzy or unsubstantial image in optics, photography, and cinematography especially, a flare, secondary image, or spurious signal. The now-prevailing sense of "the soul of a deceased person, spoken of as appearing in a visible form" only emerges in Middle English (14th century). Also from the Old English period, the word could denote the spirit of God, viz. It could also denote any good or evil spirit, such as angels and demons the Anglo-Saxon gospel refers to the demonic possession of Matthew 12:43 as se unclæna gast. In Germanic paganism, " Germanic Mercury", and the later Odin, was at the same time the conductor of the dead and the "lord of fury" leading the Wild Hunt.īesides denoting the human spirit or soul, both of the living and the deceased, the Old English word is used as a synonym of Latin spiritus also in the meaning of "breath" or "blast" from the earliest attestations (9th century). The original meaning of the Germanic word would thus have been an animating principle of the mind, in particular capable of excitation and fury (compare óðr). The Germanic word is recorded as masculine only, but likely continues a neuter s-stem. geiskafullr 'full of fear'), in Gothic usgaisjan ('to terrify') and usgaisnan ('to be terrified'), as well as in Avestan zōiš- (cf. The prior Proto-Indo-European form is reconstructed as *ǵʰéys-d-os, from the root *ǵʰéys-, which is reflected in Old Norse geisa ('to rage') and *geiski ('fear' cf. Although this form is not attested in North Germanic and East Germanic languages (the equivalent word in Gothic is ahma, Old Norse has andi m., önd f.), it appears to be a dental suffix derivative of pre-Germanic *ghois-d-oz ('fury, anger'), which is comparable to Sanskrit héḍas ('anger') and Avestan zōižda- ('terrible, ugly'). Stemming from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, it is cognate with Old Frisian gāst, Old Saxon gēst, Old Dutch gēst, and Old High German geist. The English word ghost continues Old English gāst. In folklore studies, ghosts fall within the motif index designation E200–E599 ("Ghosts and other revenants").įurther information: Soul, Genius (mythology), and Geist Older reports linked carbon monoxide poisoning to ghost-like hallucinations. Common prescription medication and over-the-counter drugs (such as sleep aids) may also, in rare instances, cause ghost-like hallucinations, particularly zolpidem and diphenhydramine. Recent research has indicated that ghost sightings may be related to degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Historically, certain toxic and psychoactive plants (such as datura and hyoscyamus niger), whose use has long been associated with necromancy and the underworld, have been shown to contain anticholinergic compounds that are pharmacologically linked to dementia (specifically DLB) as well as histological patterns of neurodegeneration. Despite centuries of investigation, there is no scientific evidence that any location is inhabited by the spirits of the dead. Their existence is impossible to falsify, and ghost hunting has been classified as pseudoscience. The overwhelming consensus of science is that there is no proof that ghosts exist. According to a 2009 study by the Pew Research Center, 18% of Americans say they have seen a ghost. They are believed to haunt particular locations, objects, or people they were associated with in life. Ghosts are generally described as solitary, human-like essences, though stories of ghostly armies and the ghosts of animals other than humans have also been recounted. Certain religious practices-funeral rites, exorcisms, and some practices of spiritualism and ritual magic-are specifically designed to rest the spirits of the dead. The belief in the existence of an afterlife, as well as manifestations of the spirits of the dead, is widespread, dating back to animism or ancestor worship in pre-literate cultures. Other terms associated with it are apparition, haunt, phantom, poltergeist, shade, specter, spirit, spook, wraith, demon, and ghoul. The deliberate attempt to contact the spirit of a deceased person is known as necromancy, or in spiritism as a séance. In ghostlore, descriptions of ghosts vary widely, from an invisible presence to translucent or barely visible wispy shapes to realistic, lifelike forms. A ghost is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that is believed to be able to appear to the living. |
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